Many people experience issues like urinary tract infections (UTIs), yeast infections, or bacterial vaginosis (BV) at some point in their lives. Although the symptoms may overlap, there are distinctions. UTIs are bacterial infections of the urinary tract, yeast infections are fungal, and BV is a bacterial imbalance. Other differences include location, primary symptoms, and treatment.
"Recognizing the differences, and knowing what's normal, can help you get the right diagnosis and treatment quickly," advises Kristen J. Hansen-Peterman, MD, Gynecology at ARC Seton Northwest.
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
A UTI is an infection of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Symptoms of a UTI include:
- Frequent urination
- Pain or burning during urination
- Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
- Blood in the urine
- Fever (in severe cases)
- Pain in the lower abdomen or back
Diagnosis and treatment: Your doctor or advanced practice clinician (APC) can confirm a UTI based on symptoms and with a urine test. "If the urine test detects bacteria, you might be prescribed antibiotics to clear the infection," says Dr. Hansen-Peterman. "In some cases, you might be advised to drink plenty of fluids and avoid sexual activity."
Learn more about UTIs.
Yeast infection
A yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida yeast in the body, including the vaginal area.
Symptoms of a yeast infection include:
- Itching and burning in the affected area
- Redness and swelling
- White, clumpy discharge
- Pain during urination or intercourse
- Vaginal odor
Diagnosis and treatment: Yeast infections can be diagnosed by your doctor or APC with a physical exam and swab test of the affected area. "While mild infections can sometimes clear with over-the-counter medicine, recurring or persistent infections may require a prescription," says Dr. Hansen-Peterman.
Learn more about yeast infections.
Bacterial vaginosis (BV)
BV is caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina. BV is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI), but sexual activity can increase the risk.
Most women with BV have no symptoms. However, some may experience:
- A thin, grayish-white, or yellowish discharge
- A fishy odor that worsens after sex
- Vaginal itching or burning
- Discomfort during urination
Diagnosis and treatment: BV is diagnosed based on a pelvic exam and a vaginal fluid sample. Doctors will usually prescribe antibiotics to restore a healthy balance.
Learn more about BV.
What is normal?
Some discharge and mild odor are normal, especially around your menstrual cycle. However, sudden changes, strong odors, or discomfort are not. It's important to pay attention to your body and note any new symptoms.
When to see a gynecologist or APC
You should see your gynecologist or APC if you experience:
- Unusual or heavy discharge
- Pain or discomfort in the vaginal area or when urinating
- Abnormal bleeding
- Recurring or frequent infections
- Severe symptoms that don't improve with home care
"You should also seek care if you are pregnant, have never had the condition before, or develop complications like fever, chills, or back pain," says Dr. Hansen-Peterman. "Prompt diagnosis and treatment help prevent complications."
Make an appointment today
Dr. Hansen-Peterman is accepting new patients of all ages at ARC Seton Northwest in Austin. Schedule an appointment with Dr. Hansen-Peterman online, through ARC MyChart, or call ARC Seton Northwest at 512-338-8181.