Pain or discomfort in the abdomen or groin can have many causes. Two common conditions are a hernia and a muscle strain. Because they can cause similar symptoms, it can be difficult to tell the difference. Knowing the signs can help you know when it may be time to seek medical care. "A muscle strain can be painful, but unlike a hernia, it won't cause a visible bulge," says Bao C. Nguyen, MD, FACS, General Surgery at ARC Greenlawn Specialty. "However, not every hernia causes a bulge. That's why it's important to recognize the other symptoms and know when to seek medical care."
What is a hernia?
A hernia occurs when tissue or an internal organ pushes through a weak area in a muscle or connective tissue. This can create a visible bulge and may cause pain, pressure, or an aching sensation.
There are several types of hernias, often defined by their location, including:
- Inguinal hernias, which occur in the groin. This is by far the most common type of hernia, accounting for over 75% of all hernias.
- Umbilical hernias, which develop near the belly button.
- Hiatal hernias, which occur in the upper abdomen.
- Femoral hernias, which occur in the upper thigh or groin. Most common in women.
- Abdominal wall or ventral hernias, which can occur anywhere on the abdomen.
What is a muscle strain?
A muscle strain happens when a muscle is stretched too far or torn. This type of injury can cause pain, tenderness, and stiffness in the affected area. Unlike a hernia, a muscle strain usually does not cause a noticeable bulge.
The symptoms can help tell the difference
Hernia:
- A visible bulge in the abdomen, belly, or groin
- Aching, heaviness, or a feeling of pressure
- Pain that may worsen with standing, coughing, or activity
- Discomfort that may come and go
- May worsen over months or years
Muscle strain:
- No visible bulge
- Localized pain and tenderness in the affected muscle
- Usually heals with rest and time
- Typically improves over days to weeks
- Pain is usually worse with movement or when using the injured muscle
The causes of hernias and muscle strains are different
A hernia often develops because of a weakness in the abdominal wall. Activities such as lifting heavy objects, frequent coughing, or straining can increase the risk.
A muscle strain is usually caused by overuse, sudden movements, or intense exercise that overstretches or tears the muscle.
"You can have both," says Jenna K. Ball, PA-C, General Surgery at ARC Greenlawn Specialty. "A heavy lift may cause a muscle strain while also revealing a hernia that was already developing." Jenna adds, "If you notice a new bulge or ongoing pain in your abdomen or groin, it is important to have it evaluated so you can receive the right diagnosis and treatment."
Treatment depends on the diagnosis
A general surgeon or advanced practice clinician (APC) can often diagnose a hernia with a physical exam. In some cases, imaging tests may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions.
Many muscle strains improve with rest, ice, and gradual return to activity. A hernia, however, does not heal on its own and may require treatment from a surgeon. When symptoms are persistent or worsening, a general surgeon or APC may recommend hernia repair. This procedure can often be performed using minimally invasive techniques that may help reduce pain and shorten recovery time.
"The good news is that both hernias and muscle strains can be treated, but the right treatment starts with the right diagnosis," says Dr. Nguyen. "If you're experiencing persistent pain, notice a bulge, or aren't sure what's causing your symptoms, don't wait to be evaluated. Getting answers early can help you recover sooner and avoid complications."
About ARC General Surgery
ARC General Surgery provides expert, board-certified care for a wide range of conditions and procedures. ARC general surgeons have specialized knowledge and experience related to diagnosis, pre-operative, operative, and post-operative management, combined with a patient-centered philosophy of coordinated care. ARC advanced practice clinicians (APC) also see patients, providing many of the evaluation and diagnostic services.
ARC general surgeons perform major and minor surgical procedures at a number of locations, including outpatient surgery centers and area hospitals.
Book an appointment today
Dr. Nguyen and Jenna see patients 16 and older. To make an appointment with Dr. Nguyen or Jenna at ARC Greenlawn Specialty in Round Rock, use ARC MyChart or call 512-272-4636 (512-ARC-INFO) and choose option "1".